Ada Lovelace's first program: what Note G actually computed
Ada Lovelace's 'first program' is a 25-step table that works out a Bernoulli number. Here is how it runs, where the bug is, and why her credit is still argued over.
8 min read
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Tesla vs Edison: AC vs DC and the war of the currents
Tesla vs Edison was a fight over how to send electricity. Here is how AC beat DC between 1882 and 1896, and which famous stories about the two rivals are myths.
8 min read
What did Nikola Tesla invent? His real inventions, and the myths
Tesla invented the induction motor, the polyphase AC system and the Tesla coil. He did not invent AC, X-rays or neon. Here is each claim, checked against the patents.
8 min read
Which Meditations translation should you read? Marcus Aurelius in English, compared
Hays, Hammond, Hard, Waterfield or the free George Long? Compare Meditations translations side by side, see what the old translators said, and learn how to read the book.
7 min read
Stoicism for beginners: the core ideas, the main Stoics and seven exercises
Some things are up to you and some are not. A plain guide to Stoicism's core ideas, the main Stoics, the best first book and seven exercises, quoted from the sources.
7 min read
Socratic method examples: three real dialogues and how to use them
Euthyphro on piety, Cephalus on justice and a boy doubling a square: three real Socratic method examples from Plato, with the steps and the classroom questions.
7 min read
How to talk to historical figures with AI and get answers you can trust
AI versions of Socrates or Marcus Aurelius are interpretations, not the people. Here is how they work, why they slip, and how to ask so the answers hold up.
7 min read
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